The concept of the pancha prāna (the five vital winds) originates primarily from ancient Vedic, Upanishadic, Ayurvedic, and later Hatha Yoga texts (such as the Hatha Yoga Pradipika). These texts divide prāna into five specific currents to explain how energy moves and governs different physiological functions in the body.
5 Prānas
prāna vāyu (inward and upward moving air)
vyāna vayu (outward moving air)
apāna vayu (downward moving air)
samāna vayu (inward and circulating air)
udāna vayu (upward moving air)